The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has announced $8.2 billion in penalties for the fiscal year 2024, marking the highest total in the agency’s history.
This surge in financial remedies represents a sharp increase from the previous year, driven by several major cases, with over half of the total amount—$4.5 billion—stemming from the SEC’s legal battle against Terraform Labs and its founder, Do Kwon.
The penalties related to Terraform Labs come after the collapse of the Terra blockchain ecosystem, which was propelled by its algorithmic stablecoin, TerraUSD (UST), and its sister token, LUNA.
In May 2022, the $60 billion failure of the Terra ecosystem, triggered by UST losing its dollar peg, left investors reeling. The fallout from the collapse led to allegations of fraud against Kwon and extensive regulatory scrutiny. Without this landmark settlement, the SEC’s total penalties would have been much lower, at $3.72 billion—its lowest since 2013.
Despite the record penalties, the SEC’s enforcement actions decreased by 26% year-over-year, with only 583 cases in 2024. However, the financial impact of those actions grew significantly, reflecting a 65.5% increase compared to 2023.
The SEC claims these results underscore its commitment to investor protection, but the crypto industry is celebrating a different milestone—SEC Chair Gary Gensler’s planned departure in January 2025, following Donald Trump’s expected re-election.
Gensler’s tenure has been marked by an aggressive stance toward the crypto industry, which many see as a direct challenge to the sector’s growth and regulatory clarity. His resignation, which follows Trump’s promise to appoint a more crypto-friendly SEC leadership, is being welcomed by many in the crypto community.
“The Division of Enforcement is a steadfast cop on the beat,” Gensler said in a statement accompanying the 2024 fiscal results, but his leadership has been met with increasing criticism from some industry players.
One notable critic is Stuart Alderoty, Chief Legal Officer at Ripple Labs, who dismissed the SEC’s boasting about record fines. “The SEC bragging about record fines collected is like a professor boasting about their highest-ever class failure rate and the most cheating scandals,” Alderoty remarked. “It’s not a measure of success—it’s an indictment of oversight gone terribly wrong.”
The SEC’s aggressive actions also included significant penalties against other crypto-related firms.
Silvergate Bank, for its connections to the failed FTX exchange, was fined $90 million for misleading investors about its anti-money laundering practices. Barnbridge DAO faced a $7 million fine for selling unregistered securities, while NovaTech Ltd. was charged for running a $650 million Ponzi scheme that defrauded over 200,000 investors globally. Smaller schemes, including pre-IPO frauds and pyramid operations like HyperFund, added to the overall tally of fines and penalties.
As Gensler prepares to leave office, many within the crypto industry are hopeful that the new leadership will usher in a more balanced approach to regulation, one that fosters innovation while ensuring adequate safeguards for investors.
